Introduce structured error types and bump Go/linter versions

Replace ad-hoc fmt.Errorf/errors.New calls with typed error structs across config, sarin, and script packages to enable type-based error handling. Add script-specific error handlers in CLI entry point. Fix variable shadowing bug in Worker for scriptTransformer. Bump Go to 1.25.7 and golangci-lint to v2.8.0.

internal/sarin/client.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/base64"
-	"errors"
 	"math"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -95,6 +94,9 @@ func NewHostClients(
 	return []*fasthttp.HostClient{client}, nil
 }
 
+// NewProxyDialFunc creates a dial function for the given proxy URL.
+// It can return the following errors:
+//   - types.ProxyUnsupportedSchemeError
 func NewProxyDialFunc(ctx context.Context, proxyURL *url.URL, timeout time.Duration) (fasthttp.DialFunc, error) {
 	var (
 		dialer fasthttp.DialFunc
@@ -117,16 +119,14 @@ func NewProxyDialFunc(ctx context.Context, proxyURL *url.URL, timeout time.Durat
 	case "https":
 		dialer = fasthttpHTTPSDialerDualStackTimeout(proxyURL, timeout)
 	default:
-		return nil, errors.New("unsupported proxy scheme")
-	}
-
-	if dialer == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("internal error: proxy dialer is nil")
+		return nil, types.NewProxyUnsupportedSchemeError(proxyURL.Scheme)
 	}
 
 	return dialer, nil
 }
 
+// The returned dial function can return the following errors:
+//   - types.ProxyDialError
 func fasthttpSocksDialerDualStackTimeout(ctx context.Context, proxyURL *url.URL, timeout time.Duration, resolveLocally bool) (fasthttp.DialFunc, error) {
 	netDialer := &net.Dialer{}
 
@@ -147,12 +147,18 @@ func fasthttpSocksDialerDualStackTimeout(ctx context.Context, proxyURL *url.URL,
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	proxyStr := proxyURL.String()
+
 	// Assert to ContextDialer for timeout support
 	contextDialer, ok := socksDialer.(proxy.ContextDialer)
 	if !ok {
 		// Fallback without timeout (should not happen with net.Dialer)
 		return func(addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-			return socksDialer.Dial("tcp", addr)
+			conn, err := socksDialer.Dial("tcp", addr)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, err)
+			}
+			return conn, nil
 		}, nil
 	}
 
@@ -163,7 +169,7 @@ func fasthttpSocksDialerDualStackTimeout(ctx context.Context, proxyURL *url.URL,
 		if resolveLocally {
 			host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, err)
 			}
 
 			// Cap DNS resolution to half the timeout to reserve time for dial
@@ -171,10 +177,10 @@ func fasthttpSocksDialerDualStackTimeout(ctx context.Context, proxyURL *url.URL,
 			ips, err := net.DefaultResolver.LookupIP(dnsCtx, "ip", host)
 			dnsCancel()
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, err)
 			}
 			if len(ips) == 0 {
-				return nil, errors.New("no IP addresses found for host: " + host)
+				return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, types.NewProxyResolveError(host))
 			}
 
 			// Use the first resolved IP
@@ -184,16 +190,22 @@ func fasthttpSocksDialerDualStackTimeout(ctx context.Context, proxyURL *url.URL,
 		// Use remaining time for dial
 		remaining := time.Until(deadline)
 		if remaining <= 0 {
-			return nil, context.DeadlineExceeded
+			return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, context.DeadlineExceeded)
 		}
 
 		dialCtx, dialCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, remaining)
 		defer dialCancel()
 
-		return contextDialer.DialContext(dialCtx, "tcp", addr)
+		conn, err := contextDialer.DialContext(dialCtx, "tcp", addr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, err)
+		}
+		return conn, nil
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// The returned dial function can return the following errors:
+//   - types.ProxyDialError
 func fasthttpHTTPSDialerDualStackTimeout(proxyURL *url.URL, timeout time.Duration) fasthttp.DialFunc {
 	proxyAddr := proxyURL.Host
 	if proxyURL.Port() == "" {
@@ -209,24 +221,26 @@ func fasthttpHTTPSDialerDualStackTimeout(proxyURL *url.URL, timeout time.Duratio
 		proxyAuth = "Basic " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(credentials))
 	}
 
+	proxyStr := proxyURL.String()
+
 	return func(addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
 		// Establish TCP connection to proxy with timeout
 		start := time.Now()
 		conn, err := fasthttp.DialDualStackTimeout(proxyAddr, timeout)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, err)
 		}
 
 		remaining := timeout - time.Since(start)
 		if remaining <= 0 {
 			conn.Close() //nolint:errcheck,gosec
-			return nil, context.DeadlineExceeded
+			return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, context.DeadlineExceeded)
 		}
 
 		// Set deadline for the TLS handshake and CONNECT request
 		if err := conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(remaining)); err != nil {
 			conn.Close() //nolint:errcheck,gosec
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, err)
 		}
 
 		// Upgrade to TLS
@@ -235,7 +249,7 @@ func fasthttpHTTPSDialerDualStackTimeout(proxyURL *url.URL, timeout time.Duratio
 		})
 		if err := tlsConn.Handshake(); err != nil {
 			tlsConn.Close() //nolint:errcheck,gosec
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, err)
 		}
 
 		// Build and send CONNECT request
@@ -251,7 +265,7 @@ func fasthttpHTTPSDialerDualStackTimeout(proxyURL *url.URL, timeout time.Duratio
 
 		if err := connectReq.Write(tlsConn); err != nil {
 			tlsConn.Close() //nolint:errcheck,gosec
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, err)
 		}
 
 		// Read response using buffered reader, but return wrapped connection
@@ -260,19 +274,19 @@ func fasthttpHTTPSDialerDualStackTimeout(proxyURL *url.URL, timeout time.Duratio
 		resp, err := http.ReadResponse(bufReader, connectReq)
 		if err != nil {
 			tlsConn.Close() //nolint:errcheck,gosec
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, err)
 		}
 		resp.Body.Close() //nolint:errcheck,gosec
 
 		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 			tlsConn.Close() //nolint:errcheck,gosec
-			return nil, errors.New("proxy CONNECT failed: " + resp.Status)
+			return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, types.NewProxyConnectError(resp.Status))
 		}
 
 		// Clear deadline for the tunneled connection
 		if err := tlsConn.SetDeadline(time.Time{}); err != nil {
 			tlsConn.Close() //nolint:errcheck,gosec
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, types.NewProxyDialError(proxyStr, err)
 		}
 
 		// Return wrapped connection that uses the buffered reader

internal/sarin/filecache.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package sarin
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
@@ -10,6 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
+
+	"go.aykhans.me/sarin/internal/types"
 )
 
 // CachedFile holds the cached content and metadata of a file.
@@ -31,6 +32,10 @@ func NewFileCache(requestTimeout time.Duration) *FileCache {
 
 // GetOrLoad retrieves a file from cache or loads it using the provided source.
 // The source can be a local file path or an HTTP/HTTPS URL.
+// It can return the following errors:
+//   - types.FileReadError
+//   - types.HTTPFetchError
+//   - types.HTTPStatusError
 func (fc *FileCache) GetOrLoad(source string) (*CachedFile, error) {
 	if val, ok := fc.cache.Load(source); ok {
 		return val.(*CachedFile), nil
@@ -59,14 +64,21 @@ func (fc *FileCache) GetOrLoad(source string) (*CachedFile, error) {
 	return actual.(*CachedFile), nil
 }
 
+// readLocalFile reads a file from the local filesystem and returns its content and filename.
+// It can return the following errors:
+//   - types.FileReadError
 func (fc *FileCache) readLocalFile(filePath string) ([]byte, string, error) {
 	content, err := os.ReadFile(filePath) //nolint:gosec
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("failed to read file %s: %w", filePath, err)
+		return nil, "", types.NewFileReadError(filePath, err)
 	}
 	return content, filepath.Base(filePath), nil
 }
 
+// fetchURL downloads file contents from an HTTP/HTTPS URL.
+// It can return the following errors:
+//   - types.HTTPFetchError
+//   - types.HTTPStatusError
 func (fc *FileCache) fetchURL(url string) ([]byte, string, error) {
 	client := &http.Client{
 		Timeout: fc.requestTimeout,
@@ -74,17 +86,17 @@ func (fc *FileCache) fetchURL(url string) ([]byte, string, error) {
 
 	resp, err := client.Get(url)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch URL %s: %w", url, err)
+		return nil, "", types.NewHTTPFetchError(url, err)
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close() //nolint:errcheck
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch URL %s: HTTP %d", url, resp.StatusCode)
+		return nil, "", types.NewHTTPStatusError(url, resp.StatusCode, resp.Status)
 	}
 
 	content, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("failed to read response body from %s: %w", url, err)
+		return nil, "", types.NewHTTPFetchError(url, err)
 	}
 
 	// Extract filename from URL path

internal/sarin/request.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package sarin
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
 	"maps"
 	"math/rand/v2"
 	"net/url"
@@ -261,12 +260,12 @@ func NewValuesGeneratorFunc(values []string, templateFunctions template.FuncMap)
 		for _, generator := range generators {
 			rendered, err = generator(nil)
 			if err != nil {
-				return valuesData{}, fmt.Errorf("values rendering: %w", err)
+				return valuesData{}, types.NewTemplateRenderError(err)
 			}
 
 			data, err = godotenv.Unmarshal(rendered)
 			if err != nil {
-				return valuesData{}, fmt.Errorf("values rendering: %w", err)
+				return valuesData{}, types.NewTemplateRenderError(err)
 			}
 
 			maps.Copy(result, data)
@@ -283,7 +282,7 @@ func createTemplateFunc(value string, templateFunctions template.FuncMap) (func(
 		return func(data any) (string, error) {
 			var buf bytes.Buffer
 			if err = tmpl.Execute(&buf, data); err != nil {
-				return "", fmt.Errorf("template rendering: %w", err)
+				return "", types.NewTemplateRenderError(err)
 			}
 			return buf.String(), nil
 		}, true

internal/sarin/sarin.go

@@ -58,8 +58,9 @@ type sarin struct {
 
 // NewSarin creates a new sarin instance for load testing.
 // It can return the following errors:
-// - types.ProxyDialError
-// - script loading errors
+//   - types.ProxyDialError
+//   - types.ErrScriptEmpty
+//   - types.ScriptLoadError
 func NewSarin(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	methods []string,
@@ -216,7 +217,8 @@ func (q sarin) Worker(
 	// Scripts are pre-validated in NewSarin, so this should not fail
 	var scriptTransformer *script.Transformer
 	if !q.scriptChain.IsEmpty() {
-		scriptTransformer, err := q.scriptChain.NewTransformer()
+		var err error
+		scriptTransformer, err = q.scriptChain.NewTransformer()
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}

internal/sarin/template.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package sarin
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/base64"
-	"errors"
 	"math/rand/v2"
 	"mime/multipart"
 	"strings"
@@ -12,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/brianvoe/gofakeit/v7"
+	"go.aykhans.me/sarin/internal/types"
 )
 
 func NewDefaultTemplateFuncMap(randSource rand.Source, fileCache *FileCache) template.FuncMap {
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func NewDefaultTemplateFuncMap(randSource rand.Source, fileCache *FileCache) tem
 		//        {{ file_Base64 "https://example.com/image.png" }}
 		"file_Base64": func(source string) (string, error) {
 			if fileCache == nil {
-				return "", errors.New("file cache is not initialized")
+				return "", types.ErrFileCacheNotInitialized
 			}
 			cached, err := fileCache.GetOrLoad(source)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ func NewDefaultBodyTemplateFuncMap(
 		//   {{ body_FormData "name" "John" "avatar" "@/path/to/photo.jpg" "doc" "@https://example.com/file.pdf" }}
 		funcMap["body_FormData"] = func(pairs ...string) (string, error) {
 			if len(pairs)%2 != 0 {
-				return "", errors.New("body_FormData requires an even number of arguments (key-value pairs)")
+				return "", types.ErrFormDataOddArgs
 			}
 
 			var multipartData bytes.Buffer
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ func NewDefaultBodyTemplateFuncMap(
 				case strings.HasPrefix(val, "@"):
 					// File (local path or remote URL)
 					if fileCache == nil {
-						return "", errors.New("file cache is not initialized")
+						return "", types.ErrFileCacheNotInitialized
 					}
 					source := val[1:]
 					cached, err := fileCache.GetOrLoad(source)